PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome) is a common hormonal disorder that affects women. It can cause a variety of symptoms including irregular or missed menstrual cycles, excess hair growth on the face and body, weight gain, acne, and even infertility. The exact cause of PCOS is unknown, but it often runs in families. It results from an imbalance of reproductive hormones - specifically, the ovaries produce more androgens (male hormones) than normal. This hormone imbalance interferes with ovulation and can prevent the ovaries from releasing an egg each month. Some key facts about PCOS:
- Affects 6-12% of women of reproductive age worldwide
- Diagnosis is usually made between ages 15-44
- Main symptoms are oligo/amenorrhea (absent/irregular periods), excess androgen levels, and polycystic ovaries
- Irregular or missed menstrual cycles
- Excess androgen levels (either symptoms or blood test)
- Polycystic ovaries (12 small follicles seen on ultrasound)
- Lifestyle changes: Weight loss, healthy diet, exercise
- Birth control pills: Regulate menstrual cycles
- Fertility medications: Help stimulate ovulation
- Anti-androgens: Counteract excess male hormones